After more than a year of unrest, a small effusive eruption commenced in Fagradalsfjall,
Iceland, on 19 March 2021. The eruption lasted six months. The first six weeks were …

Increased rates of deformation and seismicity are well-established precursors to volcanic
eruptions, and their interpretation forms the basis for eruption warnings worldwide. Rates of …

Understanding and constraining the source of geodetic deformation in volcanic areas is an
important component of hazard assessment. Here, we analyse deformation and seismicity …

The basalts of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption were the first erupted on the Reykjanes
Peninsula in 781 years and offer a unique opportunity to determine the composition of the …

Analyzing seismic data in a timely manner is essential for potential eruption forecasting and
early warning in volcanology. Here, we demonstrate that unsupervised machine learning …

Many examples of exposed giant dike swarms can be found where lateral magma flow has
exceeded hundreds of kilometers. We show that massive magma flow into dikes can be …

Cyclic behaviour is observed in volcanic phenomena ranging from caldera collapses to
explosions, spattering or lava fountaining. The repeating processes can define irregular …

The deep roots of volcanic systems play a key role in the priming, initiation, and duration of
eruptions. Causative links between initial magmatic unrest at depth and eruption triggering …

Following two periods of dike intrusion in 2021 at Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, one of which led to
an eruption, a third dike intrusion commenced on 30 July 2022. A sudden increase in …

Icelandic volcanic emissions have been shown historically and more recently to have an
impact on public health and aviation across northern and western Europe. The severity of …