Most antibiotic resistance mechanisms are associated with a fitness cost that is typically
observed as a reduced bacterial growth rate. The magnitude of this cost is the main …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays an important role in the evolution of life on the Earth.
This view is supported by numerous occasions of HGT that are recorded in the genomes of …

Unfortunately for mankind, it is very likely that the antibiotic resistance problem we have
generated during the last 60 years due to the extensive use and misuse of antibiotics is here …

Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus are both common
commensals and major opportunistic human pathogens. In recent decades, these bacteria …

Many essential functions of the human body are dependent on the symbiotic microbiota,
which is present at especially high numbers and diversity in the gut. This intricate host …

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) including plasmids and transposons are pivotal in the
dissemination and persistence of antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus faecalis and …

Bacterial adaptation to antibiotics has been very successful and over the past decade the
increase in antibiotic resistance has generated considerable medical problems. Even …

Unlike most of lactic acid bacteria, the Enterococcus genus is not considered “generally
recognized as safe”(GRAS). Safety assessment for enterococci remains controversial. While …

Enterococci are the second to third most important bacterial genus in hospital infections.
Especially Enterococcus (E.) faecium possesses a broad spectrum of natural and acquired …

Since the onset of land application of poultry litter, transportation of microorganisms,
antibiotics, and disinfectants to new locations has occurred. While some studies provide …