This paper reviews the principal marine and coastal policy changes in England since 1999.
The key changes identified are the establishment of a strategic national marine and coastal …

Executive Summary European Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), including the EU marine
Natura 2000 network and areas protected under other regional or national legislation …

There is a global issue of balancing resource exploitation with environmental protection. In
particular, the marine environment is subject to many anthropogenic pressures which are …

Seagrass beds are critically important habitats delivering a range of ecosystem service
benefits that support human wellbeing. They are, however, declining globally at an …

The paper describes the establishment of the British Geological Survey (BGS)'s field-based
'Coastal Landslide Observatory', designed for the study of coastal 'soft cliff'recession on the …

Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) are protected in the UK by the Wildlife and
Countryside Act (1981). Understanding the impact of anthropogenic pressures is …

The abundance and distribution of Ostrea edulis and O. edulis beds have been contracting
for many hundreds of years as a result of anthropogenic factors, leaving behind the legacy …

While MPAs have been promoted as a sustainable development tool, there is evidence of
significant distributive impacts of MPAs over time, over different time scales and between …

The aim of this report is to provide a comprehensive review of methods that can be used to
assess the socio-economic benefits of marine protected areas in Wales. The review is the …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly regarded as socio-ecological systems. In
addition to their reported ecological effects, MPAs may have important social, economic and …