This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

Sleep is a fundamental biological process observed widely in the animal kingdom, but the
neural circuits generating sleep remain poorly understood. Understanding the brain …

Histamine is a conserved neuromodulator in mammalian brains and critically involved in
many physiological functions. Understanding the precise structure of the histaminergic …

Background Despite seventeen decades of continuous clinical use, the neuronal
mechanisms through which volatile anesthetics act to produce unconsciousness remain …

Histamine plays pleiotropic roles as a neurotransmitter in the physiology of brain function,
this includes the maintenance of wakefulness, appetite regulation and memory retrieval …

For over a century, the role of the preoptic hypothalamus and adjacent basal forebrain in
sleep–wake regulation has been recognized. However, for years, the identity and location of …

Failed proteostasis is a well-documented feature of Alzheimer's disease, particularly,
reduced protein degradation and clearance. However, the contribution of failed proteostasis …

Histaminergic (HA) neurons, found in the posterior hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus
(TMN), extend fibers throughout the brain and exert modulatory influence over numerous …

Although ATP and/or adenosine derived from astrocytes are known to regulate sleep, the
precise mechanisms underlying the somnogenic effects of ATP and adenosine remain …

Wakefulness and consciousness depend on perturbation of the cortical soliloquy. Ascending
activation of the cerebral cortex is characteristic for both waking and paradoxical (REM) …