Abstract Purpose of Review This review aims to highlight the past and more current literature
related to the multifaceted pathogenic programs that contribute to calcific aortic valve …

Up to 40% of patients with aortic stenosis (AS) present with a “discordant grading” usually
referred to as “low-gradient AS.” This article presents a step-by-step integrative approach …

The “Guidelines for the clinical indications of echocardiography” of the Japanese Circulation
Society (JCS) were first developed between 1993 and 1994, and the first revision1 was …

Background To assess the impact of post transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) mild
paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) on mortality. More than moderate PVR after TAVI has …

Highlights•The imager is an essential member of the Heart Team for the TAVR procedure.•
Echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice for the assessment of aortic valve …

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the impact of aortic valve replacement (AVR)
on survival in patients with each subclass of low-gradient (LG) aortic stenosis (AS) and to …

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common primary valve disorder in the elderly with an
increasing prevalence. It is increasingly clear that it is also a disease of the left ventricle (LV) …

Aortic valvular stenosis (AVS), produced by calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) causing
reduced cusp opening, afflicts mostly older persons eventually requiring valve replacement …

Calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals are formed in pathological calcification as well as during
stone formation. Although there are several theories as to how these crystals can develop …

Background The timing of surgery for aortic stenosis (AS) is imperfect, and the management
of moderate AS and asymptomatic severe AS is still challenging. Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is …