Successful establishment of infection by bacterial pathogens requires adhesion to host cells,
colonization of tissues, and in certain cases, cellular invasion—followed by intracellular …

Shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacterium which causes the most communicable of
bacterial dysenteries, shigellosis. Shigellosis causes 1.1 million deaths and over 164 million …

Shigella species are the main cause of bacillary diarrhoea or shigellosis in humans. These
organisms are the inhabitants of the human intestinal tract; however, they are one of the …

Shigella flexneri, the causative agent of shigellosis, is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen
that initiates infection by invading cells within the colonic epithelium. Contact with host cell …

Shigella spp. are food-and waterborne pathogens that cause severe diarrheal and
dysenteric disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Individuals most often …

Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) are gram-negative bacteria responsible
for bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) in humans, which is characterized by invasion and …

Pathogens use a vast number of strategies to alter host membrane dynamics. Targeting the
host membrane machinery is important for the survival and pathogenesis of several …

Many plant and animal bacterial pathogens assemble a needle-like nanomachine, the type
III secretion system (T3SS), to inject virulence proteins directly into eukaryotic cells to initiate …

Many Gram‐negative bacteria pathogenic to plants and animals deploy the type III secretion
system (T3SS) to inject virulence factors into their hosts. All bacteria that rely on the T3SS to …

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a complex macromolecular machinery employed by a
number of Gram‐negative species to initiate infection. Toxins secreted through the system …