Embryonic stem (ES) cells have been established as permanent lines of undifferentiated
pluripotent cells from early mouse embryos. ES cells provide a unique system for the genetic …

The heart develops from two bilateral heart fields that are formed during early gastrulation. In
recent years, signaling pathways that specify cardiac mesoderm have been extensively …

Following gastrulation and establishment of the three embryonic germ layers, the first
definitive organ to form in the embryo is the heart, whose morphogenesis, growth, and …

Stem cells (SC) are able to self-renew and to differentiate into many types of committed cells,
making SCs interesting for cellular therapy. However, the pool of SCs in vivo and in vitro …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily signaling via their cognate receptors is
frequently modified by TGF‐β superfamily co‐receptors. Signaling through SMAD‐mediated …

Protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II) is a highly conserved and ubiquitous
serine/threonine kinase that is composed of two catalytic subunits (CK2α and/or CK2α′) …

Introduction 3. The EGF-related growth factors 4. The EGF-CFC family 5. The erbB receptor
family 6. EGF-like growth factors in cell proliferation and oncogenesis 6.1 The EGF-like …

Culture of preimplantation embryos affects gene expression. The magnitude of the effect on
the global pattern of gene expression, however, is not known. We compared global patterns …

Heat shock factor 2, one of the four vertebrate HSFs, transcriptional regulators of heat shock
gene expression, is active during embryogenesis and spermatogenesis, with unknown …

BMP2, like its Drosophila homologue dpp, is an important signaling molecule for
specification of cardiogenic mesoderm in vertebrates. Here, we analyzed the time-course of …