Initiating and maintaining behavior change is key to the prevention and treatment of most
preventable chronic medical and psychiatric illnesses. The cultivation of mindfulness …

Learning to recognize and respond to potential threats is crucial for survival. Pavlovian
threat conditioning represents a key paradigm for investigating the neurobiological …

The reactivation of a stored memory in the brain can make the memory transiently labile.
During the time it takes for the memory to restabilize (reconsolidate) the memory can either …

This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a
behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning …

A decade ago, we hypothesized that drug addiction can be viewed as a transition from
voluntary, recreational drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits, neurally underpinned by …

Emotional arousal enhances perception and memory of high-priority information but impairs
processing of other information. Here, we propose that, under arousal, local glutamate levels …

Pathological fear and anxiety are highly debilitating and, despite considerable advances in
psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy they remain insufficiently treated in many patients with …

Recent research on changing fears has examined targeting reconsolidation. During
reconsolidation, stored information is rendered labile after being retrieved. Pharmacological …

Dysregulation of the fear system is at the core of many psychiatric disorders. Much progress
has been made in uncovering the neural basis of fear learning through studies in which …

Emotional learning is necessary for individuals to survive and prosper. Once acquired,
however, emotional associations are not always expressed. Indeed, the regulation of …