Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) commonly starts with an empiric
trial of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and complementary lifestyle measures, for …

The adenosine receptors (ARs) in the nervous system act as a kind of “go-between” to
regulate the release of neurotransmitters (this includes all known neurotransmitters) and the …

The fundamental gastrointestinal functions include motility, sensation, absorption, secretion,
digestion, and intestinal barrier function. Digestion of food and absorption of nutrients …

Abstract Background/Aims: Although considerable information exists regarding
gastroesophageal reflux disease with erosions, much less is known of non-erosive reflux …

Esophageal motor function is highly coordinated between central and enteric nervous
systems and the esophageal musculature, which consists of proximal skeletal and distal …

OBJECTIVES: Esophageal hypersensitivity is currently believed to have a crucial role in the
pathogenesis of functional chest pain (FCP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the …

Background Non‐cardiac chest pain is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal
disorders. By recognising that gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), oesophageal …

Pain represents an international burden and a major socio-economic public health problem.
New findings, detailed in this review, suggest that adenosine plays a significant role in …

Co-crystals have received increasing attention during the past decades for their ability to
modify the solubility and other physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical …

Pain modulators have been primarily used for the management of functional esophageal
disorders. Recently, these drugs have also been used for the management of other …