Choline, an essential dietary nutrient for humans, is required for the synthesis of the
neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, the methyl group donor, betaine, and phospholipids; and …

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is generated during methionine
metabolism. Physiologic Hcy levels are determined primarily by dietary intake and vitamin …

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a thiol group containing the amino acid, which naturally occurs in all
humans. Hcy is degraded in the body through two metabolic pathways, while a minor part is …

▪ Abstract Tissue concentrations of both homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys) are
maintained at low levels by regulated production and efficient removal of these thiols. The …

Folate is a cofactor in one-carbon metabolism, during which it promotes the remethylation of
homocysteine–a cytotoxic sulfur-containing amino acid that can induce DNA strand …

Two pathways, the methionine cycle and transsulfuration, account for virtually all methionine
metabolism in mammals. Every tissue possesses the methionine cycle. Therefore, each can …

Mild to moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases.
Human studies suggest that homocysteine (Hcy) plays a role in brain damage, cognitive and …

Hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is caused by nutritional
and/or genetic disruptions in homocysteine metabolism. The most common genetic cause of …

This review will first place hyperhomocysteinemia in the context of the other established
amino acid abnormalities characteristic of ESRD. What is known from studies of general and …

Two intersecting pathways, the methionine cycle and the transsulfuration sequence,
compose the mechanisms for homocysteine metabolism in mammals. The methionine cycle …