Nerve fibers accompany blood and lymphatic vessels all over the body. An extensive
amount of knowledge has been obtained with regard to tumor angiogenesis and tumor …

Background: Elucidating the mechanisms of recurrence of embryonic signaling pathways in
tumorigenesis has led to the discovery of onco-fetal players which have physiological roles …

The nervous system is now recognized to be a relevant component of the tumor
microenvironment. Receptors for neuropeptides and neurotransmitters have been identified …

Cell differentiation is a central process in development and in cancer growth and
dissemination. OCT4 (POU5F1) and NANOG are essential for cell stemness and …

Deregulation of stem cells is associated with the generation and progression of malignant
tumors. In addition, genes that are associated with early embryogenesis are frequently …

Cripto-1 is implicated in multiple cellular events, including cell proliferation, motility and
angiogenesis, through the activation of an intricate network of signaling pathways. A …

The axon guidance factor netrin-1 promotes tumorigenesis in multiple types of cancers,
particularly at their advanced stages. Here, we investigate whether netrin-1 is involved in the …

Aim: Recent studies have demonstrated that netrin-1 plays a vital role in bone metabolism.
Previous studies have shown that osteoblasts produce netrin-1 which affects osteoclast …

Spinal bifida aperta (SBA) is a congenital malformation with a high incidence. Bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has the potential to repair the structure of …

Cripto-1 (CR-1) protein function differs according to cellular or extracellular expression. In
this study, we explore the significance of cell surface CR-1 expression in human melanoma …