Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate components, each of which has
detrimental effects on human health. While the composition of air pollution varies greatly …

Inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2. 5), produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, is
an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exposure to PM2. 5 has been linked to …

In December 2019, a novel disease, coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged in
Wuhan, People's Republic of China. COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS …

Ambient air pollution is a leading cause of non-communicable disease globally. The largest
proportion of deaths and morbidity due to air pollution is now known to be due to …

The impacts of ambient PM 2.5 on public health have become great concerns worldwide,
especially in the developing countries. Epidemiological and toxicological studies have …

Rationale: Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposures to fine particulate matter air
pollution (PM2. 5) contribute to global burden of disease, primarily as a result of increased …

The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by
releasing vasodilator substances. The best‐characterized endothelium‐derived relaxing …

The American Thoracic Society has previously published statements on what constitutes an
adverse effect on health of air pollution in 1985 and 2000. We set out to update and broaden …

Cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to global deaths and disability‐adjusted life
years, with hypertension a significant risk factor for all causes of death. The endothelium that …

Air pollution is now becoming an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. Numerous epidemiological, biomedical and clinical studies indicate that ambient …