Though the history of mankind, we are strongly fighting with infected diseases that are
induced by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other pathogens. Although a variety of medicines …

Trauma-and disease-related skeletal defects and illnesses are plaguing millions of people
especially in an ageing globe. Recently, the convergence of additive manufacturing (AM) …

Abstract 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by
computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner …

Globally, bone fractures due to osteoporosis occur every 20 s in people aged over 50 years.
The significant healthcare costs required to manage this problem are further exacerbated by …

Bone regenerative engineering provides a great platform for bone tissue regeneration
covering cells, growth factors and other dynamic forces for fabricating scaffolds. Diversified …

In recent decades, the biomedical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have
attracted increasing attention. MSCs are easily extracted from the bone marrow, fat, and …

Bone fractures are the most common traumatic injuries in humans. The repair of bone
fractures is a regenerative process that recapitulates many of the biological events of …

The present article describes the state of the art in the rapidly developing field of bone tissue
engineering, where many disciplines, such as material science, mechanical engineering …

Recently, the fabrication methods of orthopedic implants and devices have been greatly
developed. Additive manufacturing technology allows the production of complex structures …

A range of traditional and free-form fabrication technologies have been investigated and, in
numerous occasions, commercialized for use in the field of regenerative tissue engineering …