Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is a growing public health concern. The
complexity of in utero opioid exposure in clinical studies makes it difficult to investigate …

Within the national opioid epidemic, there has been an increase in the number of infants
exposed to opioids in utero. Additionally, opioid agonist medications are the standard of …

Children exposed prenatally to opioids are at an increased risk for behavioral problems and
executive function deficits. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala (AMG) regulate …

Methadone is a synthetic long-acting opioid that is increasingly used in the replacement
therapy of opioid-addicted patients, including pregnant women. However, methadone …

Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and prematurity are independent risk factors for
abnormal neurodevelopment. The objectives were to compare differences in Bayley-III …

Background Substance use during pregnancy is common, as is biological testing that is
intended to help identify prenatal exposures. However, there is no standardized requirement …

Prenatal environmental adversity is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs),
with the neuroimmune environment proposed to play a role in this risk. Adverse maternal …

Objective To compare brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers and
neurodevelopmental test scores in infants born preterm with and without prenatal opioid …

Background: Infants born to mothers with opioid use disorder (OUD) and prenatally treated
with buprenorphine have a significantly lower incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal …

BACKGROUND Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and preterm birth are associated with
abnormal brain and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants. Studies that can disentangle …