The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable and extremely selective system in the
central nervous system of most vertebrates, that separates blood from the brain's …

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) is the activating kinase for
multiple downstream kinases, including CaM-kinase I (CaMKI), CaM-kinase IV (CaMKIV) …

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifaced protein that plays important
roles in multiple inflammatory conditions. However, the role of MIF in endothelial cell (EC) …

Rationale: Angiogenesis promotes neurological recovery after stroke and is associated with
longer survival of stroke patients. Cerebral angiogenesis is tightly controlled by certain …

Cycloastragenol (CAG) is the active form of astragaloside IV isolated from Astragalus Radix,
which displays multiple pharmacological effects. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden reduction in kidney activity and has a high mortality
rate. Salvianolic acid C (SAC), one of the main polyphenolic components of Salvia …

Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability globally, with ischemic stroke (IS)
accounting for over 80% of all stroke cases. The pathological process of IS involves …

Cessation of blood flow leads to a complex cascade of pathophysiological events at the
blood-vascular-parenchymal interface which evolves over time and space, and results in …

The seven canonical members of transient receptor potential (TRPC) proteins form cation
channels that evoke membrane depolarization and intracellular calcium concentration …

Background and purpose Long-term disability after stroke is common yet the mechanisms of
post-stroke recovery are far from clear. It has been suggested that Ras-related C3 botulinum …