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DIABETES mellitus is simply defined on the basis of hyperglycemia. It is, however, a highly
heterogeneous disease. A major advance was made in the late 1960s when insulin …

Abstract Approximately 10% of peripheral CD4+ cells and less than 1% of CD8+ cells in
normal unimmunized adult mice express the IL-2 receptor alpha-chain (CD25) molecules …

Interleukin (IL)-2 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of natural immunologic self-
tolerance. Neutralization of circulating IL-2 by anti–IL-2 monoclonal antibody for a limited …

DEVELOPMENTS in thyroid autoimmunity have been reviewed in this journal previously (1,
2), but since then there have been major advances in our understanding of the mechanisms …

Thyroid autoimmunity involves loss of tolerance to thyroid proteins in genetically susceptible
individuals in association with environmental factors. In central tolerance, intrathymic …

Postpartum thyroiditis is a syndrome of transient or permanent thyroid dysfunction occurring
in the first year after delivery and based on an autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid. The …

Stress is defined as the pscyophysiological reaction in which the steady state is disturbed or
threatened. Stress is not always perceived as a negative response. Stress results when …

Tolerance to β cell autoantigens represents a fragile equilibrium. Autoreactive T cells
specific to these autoantigens are present in most normal individuals but are kept under …

Autoimmune diabetes arises spontaneously in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice, and the
pathophysiology of this disease shares many similarities with human type 1 diabetes. Since …