Fish is considered to be an important model in comparative immunology studies because it
is a representative population of lower vertebrates serving as an essential link to early …

Over the last decade, there has been a flurry of research on adjuvants for vaccines, and
several novel adjuvants are now in licensed products or in late stage clinical development …

Biodiversity loss and climate change secondary to human activities are now being
associated with various adverse health effects. However, less attention is being paid to the …

Maintaining mitochondrial health is essential for the survival and function of eukaryotic
organisms. Misfunctioning mitochondria activate stress-responsive pathways to restore …

NOD1 {nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1; NLRC [NOD-LRR (leucine-rich repeat)
family with CARD (caspase recruitment domain) 1]} and NOD2 (NLRC2) are among the …

Inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are associated with a
variety of extraintestinal manifestations. The most common extraintestinal manifestation …

Excessive inflammation is a major cause of organ damage during sepsis. The elderly are
highly susceptible to sepsis-induced organ injury. Sirt1 expression is reduced during aging …

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) showed promising clinical efficacy toward
COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) patients as potent painkillers and anti-inflammatory …

The innate immune system regulates initial responses to pathogen invasion through a set of
conserved pattern recognition receptors (PRR). The best‐characterized PRRs are the Toll …

Gut microbiota could facilitate host to defense diseases, but fish–microbiota interactions
during viral infection and the underlying mechanism are poorly understood. We examined …