Quinolones are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of antibacterials in the world
and are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections in humans. Because of the wide use …

DNA topoisomerases are the targets of important anticancer and antibacterial drugs.
Camptothecins and novel noncamptothecins in clinical development (indenoisoquinolines …

DNA topoisomerases are enzymes that control the topology of DNA in all cells. There are
two types, I and II, classified according to whether they make transient single-or double …

Quinolones are broad-spectrum synthetic antibacterial drugs first obtained during the
synthesis of chloroquine. Nalidixic acid, the prototype of quinolones, first became available …

The extensive length, compaction, and interwound nature of DNA, together with its
controlled and restricted movement in eukaryotic cells, create a number of topological issues …

Type II topoisomerases are essential enzymes that modulate DNA under‐and overwinding,
knotting, and tangling. Beyond their critical physiological functions, these enzymes are the …

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (APP) is being used widely in a variety of biomedical
applications. Extensive research in the field of plasma medicine has shown the induction of …

Knots and entanglements are ubiquitous. Beyond their aesthetic appeal, these fascinating
topological entities can be either useful or cumbersome. In recent decades, the importance …

Magnetic force spectroscopy is a rapidly developing single molecule technique that has
found numerous applications at the interface of physics and biology. Since the invention of …

Although quinolones are the most commonly prescribed antibacterials, their use is
threatened by an increasing prevalence of resistance. The most common causes of …