Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Overweight and obesity
are strongly associated with comorbidities such as hypertension and insulin resistance …

Obesity is a state of low-grade chronic inflammation that causes multiple metabolic
diseases. During obesity, signalling via cytokines of the TNF family mediate cell death and …

The discovery of leptin changed the view of adipose tissue from that of a passive vessel that
stores fat to that of a dynamic endocrine organ that actively regulates behaviour and …

More than one-third of the worldwide population is overweight or obese and therefore at risk
of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to mitigate this pandemic, safer and more …

Leptin is a hormone primarily produced by the adipose tissue in proportion to the size of fat
stores, with a primary function in the control of lipid reserves. Besides adipose tissue, leptin …

Inflammation is an essential immune response for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In
a general sense, acute and chronic inflammation are different types of adaptive response …

Immune cell function and metabolism are closely linked. Many studies have now clearly
demonstrated that alterations in cellular metabolism influence immune cell function and that …

The connection between the gut microbiota and the aetiology of obesity and cardiometabolic
disorders is increasingly being recognized by clinicians. Our gut microbiota might affect the …

White adipose tissue (WAT) is an endocrine organ highly integrated in homeostasis and
capable of establishing ways of communicating and influencing multiple metabolic …

The discovery of leptin was intrinsically associated with its ability to regulate body weight.
However, the effects of leptin are more far-reaching and include profound glucose-lowering …