Water intake is one of the most basic physiological responses and is essential to sustain life.
The perception of thirst has a critical role in controlling body fluid homeostasis and if …

Since the crucial evolutionary change from an aqueous to a terrestrial environment, all living
organisms address the primordial task of equilibrating the ingestion/production of water and …

Maternal immune activation (MIA) caused by exposure to pathogens or inflammation during
critical periods of gestation increased susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders …

Key points• Heart failure is associated with large increases in sympathetic nerve activity to
organs like the heart and kidney and this increase is detrimental to patients.• We explored …

Interaction between the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system is critical
for maintenance of homeostasis in a wide variety of physiological parameters such as body …

In pregnancy, blood volume increases greatly and plasma osmolality is reduced, due to mild
hyponatraemia despite sodium retention. In rats, both vasopressin and oxytocin neurones in …

The sensory circumventricular organs (CVOs) are specialized collections of neurons and
glia that lie in the midline of the third and fourth ventricles of the brain, lack a blood-brain …

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a brainstem nucleus distinguished by its supply of
noradrenaline throughout the central nervous system. Apart from modulating a range of …

Life of terrestrial vertebrates depends on the maintenance of water and salt in the
extracellular compartment (“internal milieu”) within strictly regulated boundaries …

Modulation of salt appetite involves interactions between the circumventricular organs
(CVOs) receptive areas and inhibitory hindbrain serotonergic circuits. Recent studies …