The human stress response has evolved to maintain homeostasis under conditions of real or
perceived stress. This objective is achieved through autoregulatory neural and hormonal …

Endogenous glucocorticoids are crucial to various physiological processes, including
metabolism, development and inflammation. Since 1948, synthetic glucocorticoids have …

Animals receive environmental stimuli from neural signals in order to produce hormones that
control immune responses. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a group of steroid hormones …

BACKGROUND: The surveillance and effector functions of the immune system are critically
dependent on the appropriate distribution of immune cells in the body. An acute or short …

The secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) is a classic endocrine response to stress. Despite
that, it remains controversial as to what purpose GCs serve at such times. One view …

Stress is known to suppress immune function and increase susceptibility to infections and
cancer. Paradoxically, stress is also known to exacerbate asthma, and allergic, autoimmune …

In some patients, the inflammatory‐immune response to surgical injury progresses to a
harmful, dysregulated state. We posit that postoperative systemic inflammatory dysregulation …

The inflammatory response is a highly regulated physiological process that is critically
important for homeostasis. A precise physiological control of inflammation allows a timely …

The brain is not only immunologically active of its own accord, but also has complex
peripheral immune interactions. Given the central role of cytokines in …

Chronic pain and depressive illness are debilitating disease states that are variably resistant
to currently available therapeutic agents. Animal models of chronic pain are associated with …