ABSTRACT A commonly held view is that nanocarriers conjugated to polyethylene glycol
(PEG) are non-immunogenic. However, many studies have reported that unexpected …

Therapeutic proteins have a propensity for aggregation during manufacturing, shipping, and
storage. The presence of aggregates in protein drug products can induce adverse immune …

Recent studies have demonstrated immunologic dysfunction in severely ill coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a crucial asset for human health and modern medicine,
however, the repeated administration of mAbs can be highly immunogenic. Drug …

Despite the clinical introduction of an increasing number of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-
conjugated substances, PEG has been named as the cause of an unexpected immunogenic …

The innate immune system provides critical mechanisms for the rapid sensing and
elimination of pathogens. Adaptive immunity has evolved to provide a broader and more …

The capacity of protein aggregates to enhance immune responses to the monomeric form of
the protein has been known for over a half-century. Despite the clear connection between …

The propensity of the hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells) to rapidly intercept particulate
materials from the blood has been frustrating in redirecting intravenously injected …

The development of vaccines and other immunotherapies has been complicated by
heterogeneous antigen display and the use of incompletely defined immune adjuvants with …

The rate of pathogen elimination determines the extent and consequences of an infection. In
this context, the spleen with its highly specialized lymphoid compartments plays a central …