Bacteria power their energy metabolism using membrane-bound respiratory enzymes that
capture chemical energy and transduce it by pumping protons or Na+ ions across their cell …

This review focuses on the type A cytochrome c oxidases (C c O), which are found in all
mitochondria and also in several aerobic bacteria. C c O catalyzes the respiratory reduction …

On the basis of its generally accessible I/II redox couple and bioavailability, copper plays a
wide variety of roles in nature that mostly involve electron transfer (ET), O 2 binding …

Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), the terminal oxidase of cell respiration, reduces molecular
oxygen (O2) in a reaction that is coupled with proton pumping. Since the discovery of this …

Protein design is a valuable tool for understanding the fundamental factors that dictate
protein structure and function. The field of protein design has seen significant progress over …

INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial F1-Fo adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthases are
macromolecular turbines that couple proton translocation across a membrane to ATP …

Cytochrome bd is a respiratory quinol: O2 oxidoreductase found in many prokaryotes,
including a number of pathogens. The main bioenergetic function of the enzyme is the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) comprise the superoxide anion (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2), hydroxyl radical (• OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2). ROS can damage a variety of …

Cellular respiration has a long research history at the interface between biology, chemistry,
and physics. Research in this field spans the entire range from fundamental mechanistic and …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitously distributed opportunistic pathogen that inhabits
soil and water as well as animal-, human-, and plant-host-associated environments. The …