The mammalian urinary tract is a contiguous hollow‐organ system whose primary function is
to collect, transport, store, and expel urine periodically and in a highly coordinated fashion …

Human renal dysplasia is a collection of disorders in which kidneys begin to form but then
fail to differentiate into normal nephrons and collecting ducts. Dysplasia is the principal …

The apical surface of mouse urothelium is covered by two-dimensional crystals (plaques) of
uroplakin (UP) particles. To study uroplakin function, we ablated the mouse UPII gene. A …

Congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract (CALUT) are a family of birth defects of the
ureter, the bladder, and the urethra. CALUT includes ureteral anomaliesc such as congenital …

Primary vesicoureteric reflux accounts for approximately 10% of kidney failure requiring
dialysis or transplantation, and sibling studies suggest a large genetic component. Here, we …

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is a congenital urinary tract defect caused by the failure of the
ureter to insert correctly into the bladder. It occurs in up to 1% of the general population and …

PURPOSE: Vesicoureteral reflux is known to occur in families. We summarized worldwide
data on the incidence and nature of vesicoureteral reflux in siblings of children with …

HT receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on 5-HT receptors
[194] and subsequently revised [176]) are, with the exception of the ionotropic 5-HT 3 class …

Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common urological anomaly in children,
affecting 1–2% of the pediatric population and 30–40% of children presenting with urinary …

Background: Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into
the ureters. It is the most common urological anomaly in children, and a major cause of end …