The prevalence of cerebrovascular disease increases with age, placing the elderly at a
greater lifetime risk for dementia. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses a …

Although health disparities in women presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have
received growing attention in recent years, clinical outcomes from ACS are still worse for …

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death among women in the
United States, accounting for≈ 1 of every 3 female deaths. Sex-specific data focused on …

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been recognized now for several decades as playing a
key role in reproduction and exerting functions in numerous nonreproductive tissues. In this …

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
extensive evidence review was conducted as the document was compiled through …

In the beginning, that is from the 1960's, when a link between menopause and osteoporosis
was first identified; estrogen treatment was the standard for preventing bone loss, however …

Regulators consider randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as the gold standard for evaluating
the safety and effectiveness of medications, but their costs, duration, and limited …

We respond to criticisms of Mendelian randomization (MR) by Mukamal, Stampfer and Rimm
(MSR). MSR consider that MR is receiving too much attention and should be renamed. We …

A number of commentaries have suggested that large studies are more reliable than smaller
studies and there is a growing interest in the analysis of “big data” that integrates information …

Hormone therapy (HT) is an effective treatment for menopausal symptoms, including
vasomotor symptoms and genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Randomized trials also …