Receptors of the innate immune system detect conserved determinants of microbial and viral
origin. Activation of these receptors initiates signaling events that culminate in an effective …

Myeloid cells are key drivers of physiological responses to pathogen invasion or tissue
damage. Members of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family stand out among the …

Dectin-1 is an innate immune pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that, through its ability to
bind β-glucans, is involved in the recognition of several pathogenic fungi. Dectin-1 can …

Many plasma membrane (PM) functions depend on the cholesterol concentration in the PM
in strikingly nonlinear, cooperative ways: fully functional in the presence of physiological …

The ideal nonviral vector delivers its nucleic acid cargo to a specific intracellular target.
Vectors enter cells mainly through endocytosis and are distributed to various intracellular …

The calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway mediates
multiple adaptive T-cell functions, but recent studies have shown that calcineurin/NFAT …

Lipid rafts, also known as microdomains, are important components of cell membranes and
are enriched in cholesterol, glycophospholipids and receptors. They are involved in various …

During the course of evolution, animals encountered the harmful effects of fungi, which are
strong pathogens. Therefore, they have developed powerful mechanisms to protect …

Macrophages, as professional phagocytes of the immune system, possess the ability to
detect and clear invading pathogens and apoptotic cells through phagocytosis …

TLRs play a major role in microbe-host interactions and innate immunity. Of the 10 functional
TLRs described in humans, TLR2 is unique in its requirement to form heterodimers with …