Rationale The chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm was first described almost 40 years ago
and has become a widely used model in the search for antidepressant drugs for major …

Much of the current understanding about the pathogenesis of altered mood, impaired
concentration and neurovegetative symptoms in major depression has come from animal …

The chronic mild (or unpredictable/variable) stress (CMS) model was developed as an
animal model of depression more than 20 years ago. The foundation of this model was that …

Opioid receptors are widely distributed throughout the brain and play an essential role in
modulating aspects of human mood, reward, and well-being. Accumulating evidence …

The chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression has been widely used as an
experimental tool to investigate human psychopathology. Our objective was to provide an …

Abstract Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that was deorphanized
in 1995. The generation of specific agonists, antagonists and receptor deficient mice and …

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting a huge percentage of the active
population especially in developed countries. Research has devoted much of its attention to …

Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) is a widely used animal model of depression. The
present study was undertaken to investigate behavioral, physiological and molecular effects …

Depression-induced cognitive impairment has recently been given more attention in
research. However, the relationship between depression and different types of memory is …

Pro‐inflammatory cytokines have been proposed to be associated with the pathogenesis of
depression. Consistent with this notion, several clinical observations have suggested the …