It is extremely rare for a single experiment to be so impactful and timely that it shapes and
forecasts the experiments of the next decade. Here, we review how two such experiments …

Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)
comprise a powerful class of tools that are redefining the boundaries of biological research …

The discovery of clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and
their cooperation with CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes is one of the greatest advances of …

Engineered nucleases enable the targeted alteration of nearly any gene in a wide range of
cell types and organisms. The newly-developed transcription activator-like effector …

Genome engineering with programmable nucleases depends on cellular responses to a
targeted double-strand break (DSB). The first truly targetable reagents were the zinc finger …

Nucleases that cleave unique genomic sequences in living cells can be used for targeted
gene editing and mutagenesis. Here we develop a strategy for generating such reagents …

Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are targetable DNA cleavage reagents that have been
adopted as gene-targeting tools. ZFN-induced double-strand breaks are subject to cellular …

Current technology enables the production of highly specific genome modifications with
excellent efficiency and specificity. Key to this capability are targetable DNA cleavage …

Genome-editing tools, and in particular those based on CRISPR–Cas (clustered regularly
interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein) systems, are …

Evolutionary studies necessary to dissect diverse biological processes have been limited by
the lack of reverse genetic approaches in most organisms with sequenced genomes. We …