Background: Right ventricular (RV) adaptation to acute and chronic pulmonary hypertensive
syndromes is a significant determinant of short-and long-term outcomes. Although …

Nowadays, diabetes and obesity are two main health-threatening metabolic disorders in the
world, which increase the risk for many chronic diseases. Apelin, a peptide hormone, exerts …

Apelin is a natural ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, and the apelin/APJ system
is widely distributed in vivo. Among the apelin family, apelin-13 is the major apelin isoform in …

The apelin/apelin receptor system is widely distributed and has a dominant role in
cardiovascular homeostasis and disease. The apelin gene is X-linked and is synthesized as …

Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Both Apelin and
APJ receptor are widely distributed in various tissues such as heart, brain, limbs, retina and …

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the local aggregate of adipose tissue
surrounding the vascular tree, exhibiting phenotypes from white to brown and beige …

Heart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic with high morbidity and mortality at an international
scale. The apelin–APJ receptor pathway has been implicated in HF, making it a promising …

Apelin, a peptide with several active isoforms ranging from 36 to 12 amino acids and its
receptor APJ, a G-protein-coupled receptor, are widely distributed. However, apelin has …

Adipose tissue is now recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes bioactive molecules
called adipokines. These biomolecules regulate key physiological functions, including …

Inflammatory activation and oxidative stress promote the proliferation of vascular smooth
muscle cells (VSMCs), which accounts for pathological vascular remodeling in hypertension …