There is growing interest in studying hormones beyond single 'snapshot'measurements, as
recognition that individual variation in the endocrine response to environmental change may …

Comparative analyses have a long history of macro-ecological and-evolutionary
approaches to understand structure, function, mechanism and constraint. As the pace of …

Like Darwin's tangled bank of biodiversity, the endocrine mechanisms that give rise to
phenotypic diversity also exhibit nearly endless forms. This tangled bank of mechanistic …

Communication is inherently social, so signaling systems should evolve with social systems.
The 'social complexity hypothesis' posits that social complexity necessitates communicative …

Differences within a biological system are ubiquitous, creating variation in nature. Variation
underlies all evolutionary processes and allows persistence and resilience in changing …

Exploration into the biological bases of aggression has demonstrated the existence of many
forms of aggression. Here we investigate the neuroendocrine bases of these types of …

To humans, the diverse array of display behaviors that animals use for communication can
easily seem peculiar or bizarre. While ample research delves into the evolutionary principles …

Hormones play a fundamental role in mediating social behaviors of animals. However, it is
less well understood to what extent behavioral variation between individuals can be …

Experimentally elevated testosterone (T) often leads to enhanced aggression, with
examples across many different species, including both males and females. Indeed, the …

The alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) is a species for which captive
propagation and reintroduction programs are well established; however, little is known …