Mitochondria are not only central organelles in metabolism and energy conversion but are
also platforms for cellular signaling cascades. Classically, the shape and ultrastructure of …

The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a
fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling …

Respiratory chain complexes assemble into functional quaternary structures called
supercomplexes (RCS) within the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane, or cristae …

The protonation state of soluble and membrane-associated macromolecules dictates their
charge, conformation, and functional activity. In addition, protons (H+ or their equivalents) …

During the past two decades calcium (Ca2+) accumulation in energized mitochondria has
emerged as a biological process of utmost physiological relevance. Mitochondrial Ca2+ …

Most, if not all mitochondrial functions, including adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP)
production and regulation of apoptosis and Ca 2+ homeostasis, are inextricably linked to …

Cellular homeostasis relies on having dedicated and coordinated responses to a variety of
stresses. The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a …

The meaning of the word mitochondrion (from the Greek mitos, meaning thread, and
chondros, grain) illustrates that the heterogeneity of mitochondrial morphology has been …

Membrane-bound organelles are a wonderful evolutionary acquisition of the eukaryotic cell,
allowing the segregation of sometimes incompatible biochemical reactions into specific …

A variety of stimuli utilize an increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration as a second
messenger to transmit signals, through Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum or …