The stable states of differentiated cells are now known to be controlled by dynamic
mechanisms that can easily be perturbed. An adult cell can therefore be reprogrammed …

Therapeutic cloning, whereby somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is used to generate
patient-specific embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from blastocysts cloned by nuclear transfer …

Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a
change in DNA sequence. Research has shown that epigenetic mechanisms provide an" …

The development of genetic sex determination and cytologically distinct sex chromosomes
leads to the potential problem of gene dosage imbalances between autosomes and sex …

Mammalian females have two X chromosomes and males have only one. This has led to the
evolution of special mechanisms of dosage compensation. The inactivation of one X …

In vitro systems for oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo culture [in vitro production
(IVP)] have the potential for more wide-spread use in creative breeding programs for dairy …

Patient-specific, immune-matched human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are anticipated to
be of great biomedical importance for studies of disease and development and to advance …

Cloning mammals by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is highly inefficient
because of erroneous reprogramming of the donor genome. Reprogramming errors appear …

The birth of 'Dolly', the first mammal cloned from an adult donor cell, has sparked a flurry of
research activities to improve cloning technology and to understand the underlying …

A porcine model of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) promises to facilitate human
cancer studies, the humanization of tissue for xenotransplantation, and the evaluation of …