Plant architecture fundamentally differs from that of other multicellular organisms in that
individual cells serve as osmotic bricks, defined by the equilibrium between the internal …

Studies on brown algal cell walls have entered a new phase with the concomitant discovery
of novel polysaccharides present in cell walls and the establishment of a comprehensive …

Background and Aims Brown algae are photosynthetic multicellular marine organisms
evolutionarily distant from land plants, with a distinctive cell wall. They feature carbohydrates …

Pectin is an abundant cell wall polysaccharide with essential roles in various biological
processes. The structural diversity of pectins, along with the numerous combinations of the …

POSTEMBRYONIC development in plants is achieved by apical meristems. Surgical studies
and clonal analysis have revealed indirectly that cells in shoot meristems have no …

The primary root of Arabidopsis thaliana has a remarkably uniform cellular organisation. The
fixed radial pattern of cell types in the mature root arises from proliferative divisions within …

Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which somatic cells, under induction conditions,
generate embryogenic cells, which go through a series of morphological and biochemical …

AROUND half of all humans with essential hypertension are resist-ant to salt (blood
pressure does not change by more than 5 mm Hg when salt intake is high) 1" 5, and …

A central question in developmental biology concerns the mechanism of generation and
maintenance of cell polarity, because these processes are essential for many cellular …

In plants, the outer epidermal cell wall and cuticle presents a semipermeable barrier that
maintains the external integrity of the plant and regulates the passage of various classes of …