Bioorthogonal chemistry represents a class of high-yielding chemical reactions that proceed
rapidly and selectively in biological environments without side reactions towards …

While Nature harnesses RNA and DNA to store, read and write genetic information, the
inherent programmability, synthetic accessibility and wide functionality of these nucleic acids …

The emerging inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction stands out from other
bioorthogonal reactions by virtue of its unmatchable kinetics, excellent orthogonality and …

Recently, click chemistry has provided important advances in biomedical research fields.
Particularly, copper-free click chemistry including strain-promoted azide–alkyne …

Over 20 years ago, the pyrrolysine encoding translation system was discovered in specific
archaea. Our Review provides an overview of how the once obscure pyrrolysyl-tRNA …

The approximately 120 MDa mammalian nuclear pore complex (NPC) acts as a gatekeeper
for the transport between the nucleus and cytosol. The central channel of the NPC is filled …

Over 500 natural and synthetic amino acids have been genetically encoded in the last two
decades. Incorporating these noncanonical amino acids into proteins enables many …

Advances in super-resolution microscopy have demonstrated single-molecule localization
precisions of a few nanometers. However, translation of such high localization precisions …

Over the past 16 years, genetic code expansion and reprogramming in living organisms has
been transformed by advances that leverage the unique properties of pyrrolysyl-tRNA …

INTRODUCTION The ability to engineer translation of noncanonical (unnatural) amino acids
(ncAAs) site-specifically into proteins in living cells greatly expands the chemical space that …