Ras proteins are classical members of small GTPases that function as molecular switches by
alternating between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. Ras activation is …

Metastases, rather than primary tumours, are responsible for most cancer deaths. To prevent
these deaths, improved ways to treat metastatic disease are needed. Blood flow and other …

The Kras gene is mutated to an oncogenic form in most pancreatic tumors. However, early
attempts to use this molecule as a specific biomarker of the disease, or inhibit its activity as a …

The RAS proteins control signalling pathways that are key regulators of several aspects of
normal cell growth and malignant transformation. They are aberrant in most human tumours …

Acute inflammation or resolved inflammation is an adaptive host defense mechanism and is
self-limiting, which returns the body to a state of homeostasis. However, unresolved …

Extensive research on the Ras proteins and their functions in cell physiology over the past
30 years has led to numerous insights that have revealed the involvement of Ras not only in …

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common form of lung cancer, but the cell of origin
and the stages of progression of this tumor type are not well understood. We have …

Conserved signaling pathways that activate the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)
are involved in relaying extracellular stimulations to intracellular responses. The MAPKs …

Small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) exist in eukaryotes from yeast to human and
constitute a superfamily consisting of more than 100 members. This superfamily is …

The normal development and maintenance of the prostate is dependent on androgen acting
through the androgen receptor (AR). AR remains important in the development and …