Background: The prevalence of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is increasing along with the
need to develop approaches to reduce the harm associated with substance use, including …

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa, Korth.) is an evergreen tree that is indigenous to Southeast
Asia. When ingested, kratom leaves or decoctions from the leaves have been reported to …

Background Accumulating evidence has indicated that cannabis substitution is often used
as a harm reduction strategy among people who use unregulated opioids (PWUO) and …

Background: The relationship between cannabis use and the risk of returning to using
opioids non-medically during treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) remains unclear …

Abstract Background The United States (US) continues to experience unprecedented rates
of overdose mortality and there is increased need to identify effective harm reduction …

Background and aims Fentanyl is primarily responsible for the current phase of the overdose
epidemic in North America. Despite the benefits of treatment with medications for opioid use …

Background Deaths involving illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) have increased since
2013 in the United States. Little research has examined individuals using IMF. This study …

Introduction Individuals with chronic pain often receive prescription opioid medication, and
they may use cannabis to treat pain as well, although the risks of cannabis-opioid co-use are …

Background People who use drugs experience pain at two to three times the rate of the
general population and yet continue to face substantial barriers to accessing appropriate …

Background Polysubstance use (PSU) is common among people who use opioids (PWUO)
and has been associated with drug-related harms. We aimed to identify latent longitudinal …