Dyspnea is the most common symptom experienced by patients with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). To avoid exertional dyspnea, many patients adopt a sedentary …

In the present practice review, we will explain how to perform and interpret a
cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in heart failure patients. Specifically, we will explain …

The use of perioperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate the risk of
adverse perioperative events and inform the perioperative management of patients …

In the last American Thoracic Society (ATS) statement, dyspnea was defined as “a subjective
experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary …

Combining measurements of impaired lung mechanics (inspiratory constraints) with an
index of increased respiratory stimuli to metabolic demand (poor ventilatory efficiency) might …

The transfer of oxygen (O2) from atmospheric air to pulmonary capillaries, and carbon
dioxide (CO2) in the opposite direction, is the key task of the lungs in terrestrial animals …

The majority of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have mild
airflow limitation as determined by simple spirometry. Although small airway dysfunction is …

Objective Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for patients awaiting lung resection for
non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has developed considerably in recent years …

Background CPET has evolved as an important tool to uncover the causes of exercise
intolerance in patients with cardiorespiratory diseases [1–4]. In respirology practice, CPET is …

Background and objectives The main target of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is to improve
diaphragm function in patients with COPD who have inspiratory muscle weakness …