Heme is essential for the survival of virtually all living systems─ from bacteria, fungi, and
yeast, through plants to animals. No eukaryote has been identified that can survive without …

Research into the molecular mechanisms of eukaryotic circadian clocks has proceeded at
an electrifying pace. In this review, we discuss advances in our understanding of the …

This is the second set of Handbook of Porphyrin Science. Porphyrins, phthalocyanines and
their numerous analogues and derivatives are materials of tremendous importance in …

Signal perception is a key function in regulating biological activities and adapting to
changing environments. Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domains are ubiquitous sensors found in …

The target for humoral immunity, SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, has become the focus of
vaccine research and development. Previous work demonstrated that the N-terminal domain …

The connection between gene regulation and metabolism is an old issue that warrants
revisiting in order to understand both normal as well as pathogenic processes in higher …

Mammalian circadian timekeeping arises from a transcription-based feedback loop driven
by a set of dedicated clock proteins. At its core, the heterodimeric transcription factor …

Circadian rhythms are genetically encoded molecular clocks for internal biological
timekeeping. Organisms from single-cell bacteria to humans use these clocks to adapt to the …

Circadian rhythmicity that has been shaped by evolution over millions of years generates an
internal timing controlling the sleep–wake and metabolism cycles. The daily variations …

The circadian clock is an endogenous time-keeping system that is ubiquitous in animals and
plants as well as some bacteria. In mammals, the clock regulates the sleep–wake cycle via 2 …