BACKGROUND Denmark and Sweden index their statutory retirement ages to life
expectancy. When lifespan increases, so does retirement age. This policy does not consider …

There is little disagreement among insurance actuaries and financial economists about the
societal benefits of longevity-risk pooling in the form of life annuities, defined benefit …

Abstract In Denmark and Sweden, statutory retirement age is indexed to life expectancy to
account for mortality improvements in their populations. However, mortality improvements …

BACKGROUND Longevity and old age are two aspects of the same phenomenon,
representing a major concern for modern societies. There is universal consensus among …

BACKGROUND To make the pension system robust to population ageing, Denmark will
increase the statutory retirement age in tandem with national life expectancy. By universally …

Mortality keeps improving even in the most developed countries. Deaths before senior age
become more and more occasional and thus are increasingly considered unnecessary and …

Living arrangements have long been proven to be strongly tied with age at death, with single
individuals typically dying earlier than their married counterparts. In recent decades, this …

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