Sperm motility is generated by a highly organized, microtubule-based structure, called the
axoneme, which is constructed from approximately 250 proteins. Recent studies have …

The chemotaxis of sperm towards eggs is a widespread phenomenon that occurs in most
forms of life from lower plants to mammals and plays important roles in ensuring fertilization …

Background Many echinoderms form seasonal aggregations prior to spawning. In some
fecund species, a spawning event can lead to population outbreaks with detrimental …

Sperm are attracted by chemical substances which are released by the egg. This process is
called chemotaxis. Several molecules that are involved in chemotactic signaling of sperm …

Peptides released from eggs of marine invertebrates play a central role in fertilization. About
80 different peptides from various phyla have been isolated, however, with one exception …

Fertilization is a programmed process that has many molecules and sequential events
amenable to study. The biochemistry of fertilization has identified cellular and acellular …

When a spermatozoon shows chemotactic behavior, transient [Ca2+] i increases in the
spermatozoon are induced by an attractant gradient. The [Ca2+] i increase triggers a series …

Abstract Within the Phylum Echinodermata, the class Asteroidea, commonly known as
starfish and sea stars, encompasses a large number of benthos inhabiting genera and …

Background Sexual reproduction of scleractinians has captured the attention of researchers
and the general public for decades. Although extensive ecological data has been acquired …

Mammalian spermatozoa undergo selective movement along the isthmus of the oviduct to
the ampulla during ovulation, which is a prerequisite for fertilization. The factor (s) that …