Tumour progression is modulated by the local microenvironment. This environment is
populated by many immune cells, of which macrophages are among the most abundant …

Gliomas are the common type of brain tumors originating from glial cells. Epidemiologically,
gliomas occur among all ages, more often seen in adults, which males are more susceptible …

Immunotherapy has made remarkable strides in cancer therapy over the past decade.
However, such emerging therapy still suffers from the low response rates and immune …

Cutaneous melanoma is a highly immunogenic malignancy that is surgically curable at early
stages but life-threatening when metastatic. Here we integrate high-plex imaging, 3D high …

Aberrant amino acid metabolism is a common event in obesity. Particularly, subjects with
obesity are characterized by the excessive plasma kynurenine (Kyn). However, the primary …

Immunoediting sculpts immunogenicity and thwarts host anti-tumor responses in tumor cells
during tumorigenesis; however, it remains unknown whether metabolic programming of …

Tryptophan (Trp) holds a unique place in biology for a multitude of reasons. It is the largest
of all twenty amino acids in the translational toolbox. Its side chain is indole, which is …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in both men and women worldwide. One of the
main changes associated with cancer progression, metastasis, recurrence, and …

Paraptosis is characterized by the extensive vacuolization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
and mitochondria, which will cause the release of damage-associated molecular patterns to …

Indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the initial rate‐limiting step in the
degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. When …