The advantages and limitations of photovoltaic solar modules for energy generation are
reviewed with their operation principles and physical efficiency limits. Although the main …

▪ Abstract Assessments of global coal, oil, and natural gas occurrences usually focus on
conventional hydrocarbon reserves, ie those occurrences that can be exploited with current …

Assessment of the social science literature and regional case studies reveals how social
norms, culture, and individual choices, interact with infrastructure and other structural …

Scenarios that limit global warming to 1.5° C describe major transformations in energy
supply and ever-rising energy demand. Here, we provide a contrasting perspective by …

In the year 2000 at the end of the Clinton Administration the US federal budget had a surplus
of 1 percent of GDP. By 2007 the surplus had become a deficit of over 6 percent of GDP, a …

Abstract The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change calls for
“stabilization of greenhouse-gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would …

In the time it takes to read this sentence, about fifteen people will be added to the world's
population. Read the sentence again, and there will be thirty. Tomorrow, each of these …

Global energy needs are expanding substantially as populations grow and economies
develop around the world. There is clear evidence that continued use of fossil fuels as the …

The laws of physics, especially the first and second laws of thermodynamics, have
significant implications for economic theory. The major implications of the First Law …

The efficient use of energy is a key component of current efforts to reduce carbon emissions.
There are two factors which are important when assessing the potential gains from energy …