Materials with relatively small refractive indices (n< 2), such as glass, quartz, polymers,
some ceramics, etc., are the basic materials in most optical components (lenses, optical …

The diffraction limit is a fundamental barrier in optical science and engineering. It limits the
minimum feature size in surface patterning technologies, such as lithography and laser …

Metasurfaces are artificially structured thin films with unusual properties on demand.
Different from metamaterials, the metasurfaces change the electromagnetic waves mainly by …

Dielectric microspheres with appropriate refractive index can image objects with super-
resolution, that is, with a precision well beyond the classical diffraction limit. A microsphere is …

Nanoscale correlation of structural information acquisition with specific-molecule
identification provides new insight for studying rare subcellular events. To achieve this …

DOI: 10.1002/adma. 201602721 big challenge.[18] The far-field sub-wavelength focusing
has also been demonstrated by other nano-structured lenses, such as photon nanosieve …

Traditional objective lenses in modern microscopy, based on the refraction of light, are
restricted by the Rayleigh diffraction limit. The existing methods to overcome this limit can be …

Light microscopy is one of the most powerful techniques for nondestructive real-time
imaging of specimens at a resolution beyond the reach of human eyes. However, the spatial …

This critical review summarizes the developments in the integration of micro-optical
elements with microfluidic platforms for facilitating detection and automation of bio-analytical …

Optical microscopes and optical tweezers, which were invented to image and manipulate
microscale objects, have revolutionized cellular and molecular biology. However, the optical …