Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a transcription factor closely associated with
the osteoblast phenotype. While frequently referred to, the complexity of its regulation and its …

The past 15 years have witnessed tremendous progress in the molecular understanding of
osteoblasts, the main bone-forming cells in the vertebrate skeleton. In particular, all of the …

Background As important players in cell-to-cell communication, exosomes (exo) are
believed to play a similar role in promoting fracture healing. This study investigated whether …

Much of the mammalian skeleton is composed of bones that originate from cartilage
templates through endochondral ossification. Elucidating the mechanisms that control …

Both activating and null mutations of proteins required for canonical WNT signaling have
revealed the importance of this pathway for normal skeletal development. However, tissue …

Rationale: Vascular calcification is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, a major cause of morbidity
and mortality in the United States. We have previously reported that the osteogenic …

We present an overview of Runx involvement in regulatory mechanisms that are requisite for
fidelity of bone cell growth and differentiation, as well as for skeletal homeostasis and the …

Vertebrate skeletogenesis involves two processes, skeletal patterning and osteoblast
differentiation. Here, we show that Satb2, encoding a nuclear matrix protein, is expressed in …

Osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation, differentiate from mesenchymal cells.
Here, we discuss transcription factors that are involved in regulating the multistep molecular …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines belonging to the transforming growth
factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. They play multiple functions during development and tissue …