Nearly half a century has passed since the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance of human
chloramphenicol resistance. The inheritance was then revealed to take place maternally by …

The tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway is a main player of TRP
metabolism through which more than 95% of TRP is catabolized. The pathway is activated …

Background Dysregulation of gut microbiota-associated tryptophan metabolism has been
observed in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, defining direct mechanistic links …

Tryptophan metabolites are known to participate in the regulation of many cells of the
immune system and are involved in various immune-mediated diseases and disorders …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism has emerged in recent years as a
key regulator of the production of both neuroprotective (eg kynurenic and picolinic acid, and …

Various pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS) are accompanied by alterations in
tryptophan metabolism. The main metabolic route of tryptophan degradation is the …

Neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial, initiated by a series of the causative complex
which develops into a certain clinical picture. The pathogenesis and disease course vary …

Over the last two decades, evidence for the involvement of quinolinic acid (QUIN) in
neuroinflammatory diseases has been exponentially increasing. Within the brain, QUIN is …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common
neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), presenting a broad range of symptoms from motor …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolizes the essential amino acid tryptophan and
generates a number of neuroactive metabolites collectively called the kynurenines …