Background Structural retinal imaging biomarkers are important for early recognition and
monitoring of inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. With the …

Considering the retina as an extension of the brain provides a platform from which to study
diseases of the nervous system. Taking advantage of the clear optical media of the eye and …

Neurodegeneration is one the most important pathological factors which contributes to
permanent disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) …

Importance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination, axonal degeneration,
and inflammation. Corneal confocal microscopy has been used to identify axonal …

Objective Optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived measures of the retina correlate
with disability and cortical gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, whether …

Background: Inner retinal layer (IRL) atrophy is a potential biomarker for neurodegeneration
in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To investigate the relationship between cognitive …

Background: The optic nerve is a frequent site for involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) detects thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) …

Background and purpose Multiple sclerosis‐associated optic neuritis (MSON) causes
atrophy of the inner retinal layers, which can be quantified by optical coherence tomography …

Opinion statement Retinae of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), as part of the central
nervous system (CNS), display inflammatory and neurodegenerative changes. There is …

Background Neurodegeneration occurs during the early stages of multiple sclerosis. It is an
essential, devastating part of the pathophysiology. Tools for measuring the degree of …