Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean are facing complex environmental change.
Their native biota has adapted to the region's extreme conditions over many millions of …

Patterns of environmental spatial structure lie at the heart of the most fundamental and
familiar patterns of diversity on Earth. Antarctica contains some of the strongest …

Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity occurs almost exclusively in ice-free areas that cover less
than 1% of the continent. Climate change will alter the extent and configuration of ice-free …

Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of
environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 …

The arid soils of the Antarctic Dry Valleys constitute some of the oldest, coldest, driest and
most oligotrophic soils on Earth. Early studies suggested that the Dry Valley soils contained …

Antarctica plays a central role in regulating global climatic and oceanographic patterns and
is an integral part of global climate change discussions. The functioning of Antarctica's …

We review the scientific literature, especially from the past decade, on the impacts of human
activities on the Antarctic environment. A range of impacts has been identified at a variety of …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Antarctic biodiversity faces an unknown future with a changing climate. Most terrestrial biota
is restricted to limited patches of ice‐free land in a sea of ice, where they are adapted to the …

Recent applications of molecular genetics to edaphic microbial communities of the McMurdo
Dry Valleys and elsewhere have rejected a long-held belief that Antarctic soils contain …