Continuous environmental degradation, volatility in the oil market, and unimpressive
functioning of fossil-based (FB) fuels in compression ignition engines have expanded the …

Global issues such as the depletion of fossil fuels, global warming, and increasing energy
demand have called for alternative sustainable energy sources. Oilseed crops such as …

Biobutanol is gaining more interest as advanced biofuel owing to its characteristics such as
higher energy content, density and lesser corrosiveness. Deriving butanol from biological …

Rice straw (RS) is one of the lignocellulosic wastes with the highest global production. The
main objective of this study was to maximise the butanol production by Clostridium …

The conversion of oil palm waste to valuable fuels via biological and thermochemical means
has witnessed much interest from researchers. Increasing tonnes of palm waste resulting …

Indonesia has abundant oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs). However, high lignin
content in OPEFBs may hinder their valorisation to bioenergy resources, as its degradation …

The current study aims to evaluate industrial tea waste (ITW), which generated massive
quantities annually, on biobutanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii. Some critical …

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is a widely used approach for
lignocellulosic butanol production. However, the major drawbacks for SSF lie in poor …

This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the chemical and biological
approaches for pretreating empty fruit bunches (EFBs), a byproduct of the palm oil industry …

Oil palm biomass is readily available in Malaysia. However, its high lignin content makes it
undesirable for further processing. Pretreatment is employed to reduce the amount of lignin …