Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and photonic devices play a pivotal role to augmented reality
(AR) and virtual reality (VR). The recently emerging high-dynamic-range (HDR) mini-LED …

In this Review, we survey recent developments in the emerging field of high-speed variable-
z-focus optical elements, which are driving important innovations in advanced imaging and …

Optical lenses with electrically controllable focal length are of growing interest, in order to
reduce the complexity, size, weight, response time and power consumption of conventional …

With the help of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) systems, users can receive
information and connect with each other via near-eye displays (NEDs). However, several …

Electro-optical (EO) property of nematic liquid crystalline (NLC) materials is the key
parameter of display and non-display applications. Optical anisotropy (ie, birefringence) is …

Directional backlights have often been employed for generating multiple view-zones in three-
dimensional (3D) display, with each backlight converging into a corresponding view-zone …

Vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) is a common annoying issue in near-eye displays
using stereoscopy technology to provide the perception of three-dimensional (3D) depth. By …

This paper proposes a novel dynamic focusing module driven by galvanometers to position
the laser focus with high speed and high precision. Thanks to the extremely high …

Liquid opens up a new stage of device tunability and gradually replaced solid-state devices
and mechanical tuning. It optimizes the control method and improves the dynamic range of …

We present the experimental and theoretical study of a refractive Fresnel lens design based
on the “modal control” principle. Comparison of its performance with a similar but single …