Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The classical motor
symptoms include resting tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability and are …

Among the most widely used models of Parkinson's disease (PD) are those that employ
toxins, especially 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Depending on the …

The rotarod test is widely used to evaluate the motor coordination of rodents, and is
especially sensitive in detecting cerebellar dysfunction. However, mice with striatal …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogenous disease with a varying age of onset, symptoms,
and rate of progression. This heterogeneity requires the use of a variety of animal models to …

The use of animals as models of human physiology is, and has been for many years, an
indispensable tool for understanding the mechanisms of human disease. In Parkinson's …

Accumulation of α-synuclein in brain is a hallmark of synucleinopathies, neurodegenerative
diseases that include Parkinson's disease. Mice overexpressing α-synuclein under the Thy …

In mice, the systemical or intracranial application of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3,
6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can lead to severe damage to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Several
toxin-induced animals models simulate the motor deficits occurring in PD. Among them, the …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate innate immunity, and their dysregulation may play a role
in α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy (MSA). The …

The evaluation of behavioral effects is an important component for the in vivo screening of
drugs or potentially toxic compounds in mice. Ideally, such screening should be composed …